Basics

Latex paint is water-based and can be cleaned up with soap and water.

Alkyd is oil-based and must be cleaned with thinner.

Types

Primers and sealers are similar in that they prepare the surface. Primers are used to prepare bare or previously painted walls; sealers are primarily used on bare wood.

Specialty paints are fast becoming the norm. Usually water-based, they're only differentiated by the additives or application technique. Magnetic paint contains iron dust mixed with a primer, metallic paints contain mica and other particles and textured finishes are either created in a multi-step application process (e.g. Venetian plaster) or achieved via premixed additives.

Milk paint is a natural, non-toxic paint made of milk protein, clay, earth pigments and lime and is available as a water-soluble powder. Primarily for use on unfinished wood.

Top coats can be either water or solvent-based and are usually clear. Water-based coatings include polyurethane and polycrylic. Solvent-based coatings include natural (tung, linseed) and alkyd oils, shellac, lacquer and polyurethane. Top coat finishes create a durable finish on wood floors, furniture, doors, railings, trim, cabinets or paneling. Also in this category are paste finishing waxes, which can be used on stained or painted wood surfaces for a deep, rich shine.

Finishes

Latex and alkyd paints and some clear top coats are available in finishes with varying degrees of shine: flat, eggshell, satin, semi -gloss glossand ceiking flats.

Flat paints: These paints are ideal for low-traffic areas such as formal dining rooms and master bedrooms. They provide a beautiful matte coating that hides minor surface imperfections. Because it resists glare, the effect of flat paint is softer. It is very useful for uneven surfaces with many visible flaws. For general use on walls & ceilings, trim, plaster, wood & metal. Washable but not scrubbable.

Eggshell paints: These paints provide a smooth finish with a subtle sheen that is slightly glossier than flat. It is and ideal for bedrooms, hallways, home offices and family rooms. Eggshell is a very versatile paint. Use it in areas where you need the durable coverage of a gloss but want the soft beauty of flat. Use eggshell paint on walls, ceilings, & trim -- any primed or previously painted wood, plaster, wallboard or metal surface. Can be used in place of semi gloss paints on trim for a less shiny appearance. Washable and scrubbable

Satin/Pearl paints: These paints go a step above eggshell in scrubbability, providing a nice balance between washability and subtle gloss. They perform and look great in just about any room. Washable and scrubbable.

Semi-gloss paints: These paints ensure maximum durability. It tends to show surface flaws, but not as obviously as high gloss. It is more stain-resistant & easier to clean than flat paints. They are commonly used in children's rooms and high-moisture areas, such as kitchens, bathrooms, laundrys, as well as for trim. Semi-gloss has a medium sheen and is washable and scrubbable.

High-gloss paints: These paints are highly reflective and work well for highlighting details, such as trim and decorative molding. They are also the best choice for doors and cabinet – or any area that sees a high volume of abuse. High gloss paint has the highest luster. It is more durable, stain resistant & easier to wash. However, the higher the gloss, the more likely surface imperfections will be noticed. Washable and scrubbable.

Ceiling flats: These are designed specially for ceilings. These are usually extra spatter-resistant.

Tip: Remember that the shinier the paint finish, the more durable it will be.

Tips and Hints

When painting walls and trim, use a lower sheen on the walls and a higher sheen on the trim.

Don't use latex over oil and vice versa without properly preparing the surface. Sand the finish (wear a mask to prevent breathing in fumes and dust), wipe the walls with a tack cloth, then apply a primer of the same compostion of the intended topcoat.

Latex has a faster drying time and lower odor than alkyd.

Oil-based paint dries harder than latex making it more resistant to wear and tear.

Rely on primer. It seals the surface, blocks stains and ensures optimal coverage of the top coat. It's less expensive than paint and is available in both water and oil base. It's essential when changing colors and should be tinted for best results with deep paint colors like red, blue and green.

Milk paint has been used for centuries--as far back as ancient Egypt. Depending on the proportion of powder mixed with water, it can be used as a wash, stain or opaque paint. Since it is made of a milk protein called casein, it cannot be stored because it will sour within a day of mixing it.

Creating a lacquered finish on furniture involves applying several coats of clear or tinted lacquer paint and sanding between each coat.